Product Description
Bach's Prelude and Fugue in E-flat Major, BWV 552, commonly known as "St. Anne," is a significant and monumental work in Bach's organ repertoire. Here are some key points about its importance:
Structural Significance
The piece is the opening and closing bookends of Bach's Clavier-Übung III, a major collection of organ works published in 1739. Due to its liturgical content, this collection is sometimes referred to as the "German Organ Mass."
Symbolic Representation
The work is deeply imbued with Christian symbolism, particularly references to the Holy Trinity:
It is written in a key with three flats (E-flat major).
The Prelude consists of three distinct sections.
The Fugue has three subjects.
This numerological symbolism extends throughout the piece, with careful attention paid to the number of bars and time signatures used.
Musical Structure
Prelude:
The Prelude is divided into three sections, each thought to represent a different aspect of the Trinity:
A majestic opening with dotted rhythms (representing the Father)
A quieter, graceful section (representing the Son)
A contrapuntal section with rapid eighth notes (representing the Holy Spirit)
Fugue:
The Fugue is a triple fugue, again reflecting the Trinity:
The first subject is calm and majestic
The second subject is more disguised
The third subject is dance-like and joyful
"St. Anne" Nickname
The Fugue earned its "St. Anne" nickname due to the similarity between its first subject and William Croft's hymn tune "O God Our Help in Ages Past." However, it's important to note that this connection is speculative and not definitively proven.
Historical Context
Bach performed parts of this work, along with other selections from Clavier-Übung III, at the consecration of the organ at Dresden's Frauenkirche in 1736. This performance showcased Bach's virtuosity as an organist and composer.
Influence and Legacy
The piece has become one of Bach's most celebrated organ works. Its grand scale, complex structure, and deep symbolism have made it a subject of study and admiration for centuries. It has been transcribed for various ensembles, including a notable orchestration by Arnold Schoenberg.
In summary, BWV 552 "St. Anne" is important not only for its musical brilliance but also for its rich symbolism, structural complexity, and its place as a cornerstone of Bach's organ repertoire.
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